Internal-combustion engine.



m'mw.

w. J. WILLIAMS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 25, I915.

Patented Feb. 22, 1916.

L a S, OF ROCKWALL, TEXAS.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILEY J. WILLIAMS,

' a citizen of the United States, residing at inside of the head adjacent Rockwall, in the county of Rockwall and State of Texas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion-Engines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in that type of explosive engines in which two pistons are employed, one working within the other, and both being connected to a crank shaft in such manner that the said pistons reciprocate simultaneously in opposite directions.

The invention relates primarily to the specific means for introducing and compressing a charge between two oppositely reciprocating pistons, and to the means employed for exhausting the spent gases.-

A further object of the invention is to provide means for cooling the pistons and cylinder.

The invention also comprehends improvements in the details of construction and arrangement of parts which will be hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings :-Figure 1 is a horizontal section of my improved engine; and Fig. 2 is a central vertical section of the same.

1 indicates a base on which is mounted a stationary cylinder 2, open at one end and closed at its opposite end by a head 3. The cylinder is formed with a water jacket 4, and in the head 3, is a charge inlet opening 5, which communicates with a receiving chamber 6, a valve seat being formed on the the charge inlet opening 5. A valve 7 normally rests on the seat adjacent the inlet opening 5, and the stem 8, of said valve, extends through the receiving chamber 6, and the rear wall thereof. On the rod 8, is a coil spring 9, which bears against a wall of the receiving chamber, and a flange 10, mounted on the stem, the spring normally holding the valve to its seat. A pipe 11, communicates with the Specification of Letters Patent.

' stationary cylinder 2,

Patented Feb. 22, 19116.

Application filed February25, 1915. Serial No. 10,595.

receiving chamber 6, and is connected to a carbureter (not shown). In the wall of the adjacent the head 3, 1s a by-pass 12, having an inlet 13, and an outlet 14, both of which communicate with the interior of the cylinder. In the wall of the cylinder 2, is an exhaust opening 15, with which communicates an exhaust pipe 16. Located between the by-pass 12, and the exhaust opening 15, is a spark plug 17. In the forward end of the stationary cylinder are alined slots 18, which form guides for trunnions extending from an outer piston now to be described.

For brevity, and to distinguish between the two reciprocating pistons, I shall term the outer hollow cylindrical piston, an outer piston 19, and the smaller piston, the inner piston 20.

The outer piston 19, is hollow, and is open at its forward end and is closed at its rear by a head 21, and surrounding the outer piston is a water jacket 22. The outer piston operates in the cylinder 2, and is suitably packed, as at 19. At the forward end of the outer piston 19, are two alined hollow trunnions 23, which communicate with a water jacket 22, and which operate in the slots 18, to guide the outer piston in its reciprocation in the cylinder 2. Mounted on the outer ends of the alined trunnions 23, are two hollow plunger rods 24 and 25, the inner ends of said rods having plungers 26 and 27, which operate in pump cylinders 28 and 29, secured to the opposite sides of the stationary cylinder 2. In the respective plungers 26 and 27 are valves 30 and 31; the valve 30 being opened upon the rearward movement of the plungers, while the valve 31, is opened when the plungers are moved ina forward direction; The pump cylinders 28 and 29, are formed with openings 32 and 33, and have valves 34 and 35, the open ing 32, communicating with the water jacket 4, of the stationary cylinder 2, and the opening 33, communicating with the inlet pipe 39. The valve 35 opens when the outer piston 19 is moved rearwardly toward the head 3, of the stationary cylinder, and at the same time valve 34 closes. When the outer piston moves forwardly the valve 34, opens, while the valve 35, closes. Communicating with the water jacket 4, at 36, is a return pipe 37, which carries the water to a radiator 38, while an inlet pipe 39, leads from the radiator 38, to the opening 33, so that the water may freely circulate through the jackets in the outer piston 19, and the stationary cylinder 2.

40, indicates a crank shaft, provided with a central crank 41, and two oppositely disposed cranks 42. Connecting the cranks 42, and the trunnions 23, are rods 43. Operating in the outer piston 19, is the inner piston 20, which is provided with appropriate packing, as, at 44, and is connected to the central crank 41, of the crankshaft 40, by a rod 45. v

In the operation of the engine,- assuming the pistons 19 and 20, are in the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2, as the crank shaft 40, is rotated, it slides the outer piston 19, forwardly in the stationary cylinder 2, and the suction created thereby, opens the inlet valve 7 and sucks .in a fresh charge, then upon a continued rotation of the crank shaft, the outer piston 19, is moved rearwardly toward the head 3, which compresses the charge until an inlet port 46, in the outer piston registers with the outlet port 14, of the by-pass 12. At this time the. compressed charge between the head 21, of the outer piston, and the head 3, of the stationary cylinder 2, is forced through the inlet opening 13, of the by-pass 12, out through the outlet 14, and through the port 46, to the interior of the outer piston 19. Obviously at this time the inner and outer pistons are separated to their greatest extent, and the charge is distributed between the end heads of the two pistons. Then upon the continued rotation of the shaft 40, the charge between the heads of the inner and outer pistons is compressed, and about the time the two pistons reach their limit of opposite movements toward each other, for instance, as shown in Fig. 2, timing mechanism (not shown) causes a spark to occur through the medium of the spark plug 17, and the compressed charge is exploded. Of course, at the time of the final compression of the charge between the pistons, a fresh charge is admitted through the inlet opening 5, preparatory to the next explosive operation. When the charge is exploded, it acts against the two opposite heads of the respective pistons, and drives same in the opposite directions, as will be readily understood. About the time the port 46, again registers with the outlet 14, of the by pass 12, an exhaust port 48, in the outer piston registers with the exhaust port 15, in the stationary cylinder 2, and the spent gases are exhausted from between the respective heads of the pistons. Owing to the area of the space between the two pistons, and the relative location of the inlet 7 port 14, of the by-pass, and the exhaust port 15, the incoming fresh charge assists in driving the spent gases through the exhaust ports, as will be readily understood.

It is tobe noted that according to the arrangement described, the gas has no undue It is of the utmost importance in an en-' gine of this type that the pistons be effectively cooled, owing to the great amount of pressure and heat following therefrom. By

the arrangement described, I efl'ectively obtain the desired results.

Assuming the parts are in the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2: As the outer piston 19, moves rearwardly, the valve 31, in the plunger 25, closes, which creates a suction and opens the valve 34, in the inlet opening 33, and a supply of water is introduced to the cylinder 29. While the outer piston 19, is moving, the plunger 26, creates a partial vacuum in the cylinder 28, and closes the valve 35, in the opening 32, and opens the valve 30, in the plunger 26. The water in the hollow connecting rod 24, and the various passages connected therewith is brought into the pump cylinder 28, by the partial vacuum. Upon the next forward movement of the piston 19, and the hollow rods 24 and 25, will cause the valve 34, in the opening 33, to be closed, and the the valve 31, in the'plunger 27, opens said valve and the water is forced through the hollow rod 25, and into the water jacket 22, in the outer piston 19. This same movement closes the valve 30, in the plunger 26, and the water contained in the cylinder 28, is forced against the valve 35, in the opening 32, and the water is forced through the water jacket in the outer stationary cylinder 2, and out through the outlet pipe 37, to the radiator. It is obvious therefore that by the system of valves and passages described, the complete circulation of the water through the water jacket in the outer piston 19, and the water jacket in the cylinder 2, takes place, and upon each reciprocation of the plston, a fresh supply of water is supplied prising a stationary cylinder formed with an inlet and an exhaust port, the wall of said cylinder having a by-pass formed with inlet and outlet openingswwhich communicate with said cylinder, a water jacket formed in the cylinder, a hollow outer piston operating in the cylinder, said piston having inlet and exhaust ports, a water jacket in said outer piston, hollow trunnions extending from the outer piston and communicating with the water jacket in same, movable hollow connections between the trunnions and the water jacket in the cylinder, valves in the hollow movable connections for causing water tocirculate through the water jackets when the outer piston is reciprocated, a crank shaft, connecting rods between the trunnions and the crank shaft, an inner piston operating in the hollow outer piston, and a connecting rod between the inner piston and the crank shaft.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising a stationary cylinder formed with an inlet and an exhaust port, the wall of said cylinder having a by-pass formed with inlet and outlet openings which communicate with said cylinder, a water jacket formed in the cylinder, a hollow outer piston operating in the cylinder, said piston having inlet and exhaust ports, a water jacket in said outer piston, hollow trunnions extending from the outer piston and communicating with the water jacket in same, hollow plungers extending from and communicating with the hollow trunnions, oppositely opening valves in the hollow plungers, pump cylinders mounted on the stationary cylinder, one of said pump cylinders having an opening which communicates with the water jacket in said stationary cylinder, the other said pump cylinder having an opening, valves in the openings in the pump cylinders to admit water thereto to one of said pump cylinders and to permit water to escape from the other said cylinder, each reciprocation of the outer piston wateris caused to circulate through the water jackets, a crank shaft, connecting rods between the trunnions and the crank shaft, an

inner piston operating in the hollow piston, and a connecting rod between the inner piston and the crank shaft. 7

3. An internal combustion chamber including a cylinder having a water jacket provided with an outlet opening, a piston whereby upon having a water jacket, a crank shaft, a connection between the crank shaft and the piston, two pump cylinders, one of said pump cylinders having an opening which communicates with the engine cylinder, the other pump cylinder having an inlet opening, hollow connections communicating with the water jacket on the piston and the-two pump cylinders, plungers on said connections which operate in the pump cylinders, and a series of valves which operate when the piston moves in one direction to admit water in one pump cylinder and exhaust the water from the other pump cylinder to cause circulation of water in the water jackets in the engine cylinder and the piston.

4. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a water jacket provided with an inlet opening and an outlet opening, a pump cylinder communicating with the inlet opening, a valve in said opening closed by suction in said pump cylinder. a second pump cylinder adjacent the engine cylinder and provided with an inlet opening, a valve in the latter opening opened by suction in said second mentioned pump cylinder, a hollow piston having a water jacket and formed with hollow trunnions providing an inlet and an outlet to the water jacket in the piston, hollow rods mounted on the trunnions and extending into the two pump cylinders and forming communication between same, plungers on said hollow rods, a valve in the plunger operating in the first mentioned pump cylinder, saidvalve being opened by suction to allow water to enter the pump cylinder when the piston moves outwardly, the other said plunger operating in the second mentioned pump cylinder having a,valve which closes when the piston moves outwardly to draw waterinto said pump cylinder, said valves and plungers causing a circulation of water through the water jackets in the engine cylinder and piston, a second piston operating in the first mentioned piston, a crank shaft, connectionsbetween the trunnions and the crank shaft, and a connection between the second mentioned piston and the crank shaft. 7

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

a WILEY J. WILLIAMS. \Vitnems:

JOSEPH C. ZIRKLE,

J N0. IMIRIE. 

